Everything about Ren Cailli totally explained
René Caillié (
September 19,
1799 -
May 17,
1838) was a
French explorer, and the first
European to return alive from the town of
Timbuktu.
Caillié was born at
Mauzé-sur-le-Mignon,
Deux-Sevres,
Poitou, the son of a baker. He was born in to the lowest levels of European society. The orphaned son of a prison convict, uneducated, frail, and thin, he was the anti-hero of the traditional military commander adventurer. The reading of
Robinson Crusoe kindled in him a love of travel and adventure, and at the age of sixteen he made a voyage to
Senegal whence he went to
Guadeloupe. Returning to Senegal in 1818 he made a journey to
Bondu to carry supplies to a
British expedition then in that country. Ill with fever he was obliged to go back to France, but in 1824 was again in Senegal with the idea of reaching Timbuktu. The Paris based
Société de Géographie was offering a 10,000 franc reward to the first European to see and return alive from Timbuktu, believed to be a rich and wondrous city.
He spent eight months with the
Brakna Moors living north of the
Senegal River, learning
Arabic and being taught, as a convert, the laws and customs of
Islam. He laid his project of reaching Timbuktu before the governor of Senegal, but receiving no encouragement went to
Sierra Leone where the British authorities made him superintendent of an
indigo plantation. Having saved £80 he joined a
Mandingo caravan going inland. He was dressed as a
Muslim, and gave out that he was an
Arab from
Egypt who had been carried off by the French to Senegal and was desirous of regaining his own country.
Starting from
Kakundi near
Bok on the
Rio Nunez on
April 19,
1827, he travelled east along the hills of
Fouta Djallon, passing the head streams of the Senegal and crossing the
Upper Niger at
Kurussa. Still going east he came to the
Kong highlands, where at a place called Time he was detained five months by illness. Resuming his journey in January 1828 he went north-east and reached the city of
Djenné, whence he continued his journey to Timbuktu by water. After spending a fortnight (
April 20 -
May 4) in Timbuktu he joined a caravan crossing the
Sahara to
Morocco, reaching
Fez on the
August 12. From Tangier he returned to
France.
Unknown to Caillié, he'd been preceded at Timbuktu by a British officer,
Major Gordon Laing, but Laing had been murdered in September 1826 on leaving the city and Caillié was the first to return alive. He was awarded the prize of 10,000 francs offered by the Société de Géographie to the first traveller who should gain exact information of Timbuktu, to be compared with that given by
Mungo Park. He also received the order of the
Legion of Honor, a pension, and other distinctions, and it was at the public expense that his
Journal d'un voyage a Tembocicu et Jenno dans l'Afrique Centrale, etc. (edited by
Edmé-François Jomard) was published in three volumes in 1830.
Caillié died on
May 17,
1837 at La Gripperie-Saint-Symphorien (then Saint-Symphorien-du-Bois), commune of
Charente-Maritime where he owned the manor L'Abadaire, of a malady contracted during his African travels. For the greater part of his life he spelt his name Caillé, afterwards omitting the second "i".
Caillié is remarkable for his approach to exploration. In a period given to large scale expeditions supported by soldiers and employing black porters, Caillié spent years learning
Arabic, studying the customs and
Islamic religion before setting off with a companion, and later on his own, traveling and living as the natives did. He also didn't romanticize his discoveries to increase his fame, unlike Laing who recorded that Timbuktu was a wondrous city, Caillié told the truth: it was a small, unimportant, and poor village with no hint of the fabled reputation that preceded it (and which it had once deserved).
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